It’s unclear whether all of the items will be included in pending legislation as House and Senate leaders differ on the best strategy.
Trump huddled with lawmakers for more than five hours Thursday, going so far over schedule that House Speaker Mike Johnson (R-La.) had to cancel a planned meeting with Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu.
“We got into a lot of detail on what we need to do both for the budget and the reconciliation side,” House Majority Leader Steve Scalise (R-La.) told reporters afterward. “President Trump was very engaged throughout the meeting and we are narrowing down the areas [of] differences.”
House Speaker Mike Johnson, center, and Senate Majority Leader John Thune, center right, differ on legislative strategy.Getty Images
“We spent a lot of time on a whiteboard, literally putting down different numbers so we could all be on the same page.”
Scalise didn’t reveal any major breakthroughs, but said “we made serious progress” and are “very close to bringing this to Budget Committee.”
House Republicans suffered a setback this week when the House Budget Committee delayed plans to mark up a resolution needed to unlock the Senate reconciliation process the party intends to use to pass the sweeping Trump agenda and circumvent a Dem filibuster.
Following the delay, Senate Budget Committee Chairman Lindsey Graham (R-SC) announced plans to pursue a different budget resolution — meaning that the Republicans in the upper chamber are jockeying to take the lead on Trump’s agenda package.
White House press secretary Karoline Leavitt detailed Trump’s plan as he met with GOP leaders at the White House.AP
In doing so, Graham would take the Senate GOP’s preferred two-bill approach — featuring one tranche of border, defense and energy reforms up front before a second package on taxes.
Typically Congress can pass only one budget reconciliation bill per fiscal year, meaning the second package likely would face a steeper climb and have to garner Democratic support to clear the 60-vote threshold in the Senate, where Republicans hold 53 seats.
Johnson favors loading Trump’s requests into a massive budget reconciliation package that can pass with a bare majority in both chambers, The House would have to take up the bill first because of the tax provisions.
GOP senators almost universally favor a two-track approach amid concerns that their House counterparts won’t be able to get their act together.
“I think we’ll be able to make some announcements, probably by tomorrow, and we’re excited about that,” Johnson told reporters after his White House visit. “The idea would be to get the budget committee working potentially as early as early next week, maybe Tuesday, for a markup for the budget resolution.”
Trump’s administration is trying to reduce government spending under the DOGE initiative of Elon Musk.AP
Republicans have also splintered over whether to shove a debt limit increase in the broader Trump agenda package or take a standalone approach. If they opt for the latter, Democrats have indicated they’d be keen on extracting concessions in the event that enough GOP hardliners aren’t on board.
Scalise claimed that the White House meeting “made a lot of progress on that” as well.
The debt limit had been suspended until the start of last month, but Congress is not expected to face a deadline for raising it until sometime in June.
Trump won the Nov. 5 election with his tax appeals to workers and retirees and he has credited his plan to end taxes on tips with securing victory in Nevada — the first Republican to do so in 20 years.
The federal government stands to lose significant income with the tax cuts, though Trump generally argues that reduced taxes would boost economic activity, indirectly boosting tax revenue.
A legislated end to taxes on tips would cost about $118 billion over a decade — or about $11.8 billion per year — according to the Tax Foundation.
If overtime was exempt from payroll taxes, the Treasury would lose $1.3 trillion over a decade — or $130 billion per year — according to the Budget Lab at Yale.
The abolition of tax on Social Security benefits would cost up to $1.8 trillion over 10 years — or about $180 billion annually — according to the Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget.
The cost of changing the SALT deduction cap would depend on whether the cap is fully eliminated or merely increased, with total repeal estimated to cost $1.2 trillion over ten years — or $120 billion a year.
Scalise was coy about whether Trump endorsed a specific number on SALT and conceded “We didn’t solve the SALT problem, but we got probably closer even on that issue.”
Trump’s call to close loopholes benefitting sports-team owners and hedge fund managers would make up for some of the reductions in revenue, but not all of them.
The carried-interest reform, which would treat investment mavens’ compensation as income rather than private equity gains subject to lower tax rates, would bring in between $1.4 billion and $18 billion per year, according to Americans for Financial Reform.
It’s unclear precisely how much the sports owner changes would net the government, but it’s likely that figure would be in the billions as well.
Owners currently are able to deduct from their tax liability the full purchase price of a franchise over 15 years. Those deals can be massive — with the Washington Commanders football team selling for a record $6.05 billion in 2023.
Sports team owners benefit from other federal perks, including tax-exempt municipal bonds for professional sports stadiums, which a 2020 Brookings Institution report said costs the government $4.3 billion in lost revenue.
Trump also has proposed using higher tariffs on imports as a way to finance tax cuts.
The looming tax reform struggle comes as Trump’s administration tries to cut federal discretionary spending as part of the Department of Government Efficiency initiative led by Elon Musk — while urging federal workers to take eight-month buyouts and pausing foreign aid.
